Spring框架(12) —— 事务管理案例

简介

  • 本文将在 Spring 框架中,分别使用使用“XML”,“XML+注释”和“注解+Java”三种方式来演示数据库的转账操作。

项目环境

数据库代码

  • 创建数据库spring,在数据库中创建 Account表。
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# 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE spring;

# 使用数据库
USE spring;

# 创建表
CREATE TABLE account(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
NAME VARCHAR(40),
money FLOAT
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

# 插入数据
INSERT INTO account(NAME,money) VALUES('Cat',1000);
INSERT INTO account(NAME,money) VALUES('Dog',1000);
INSERT INTO account(NAME,money) VALUES('Rat',1000);

Maven依赖

pom.xml

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    <dependencies>

<!-- Spring 框架 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring AOP -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.7</version>
</dependency>

<!-- spring JDBC框架 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<!-- Spring 事务管理 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<!-- MySQL数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>

<!-- 【被 Spring JDBC 代替】 -->
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <groupId>c3p0</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>-->
<!-- <version>0.9.1.2</version>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->

<!-- 【被 Spring JDBC 代替】 -->
<!-- 操作数据库的工具包 -->
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>-->
<!-- <version>1.4</version>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->

<!-- Spring 测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>

</dependencies>

Spring配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


</beans>

实体类

Account.java

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public class Account {

/* 成员变量 */
private int id;
private String name;
private float money;

/* 构造函数 */
public Account() {
}

public Account(int id, String name, float money) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.money = money;
}

/* 设值函数 */
public int getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public float getMoney() {
return money;
}

public void setMoney(float money) {
this.money = money;
}

/* toString方法 */
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}

持久层接口

AccountDao.java

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public interface AccountDao {

/** 查询所有 */
List<Account> findAll();
/** 查询单个 */
Account findByID(int id);
/** 添加 */
void add(Account account);
/** 修改 */
void update(Account account);
/** 删除 */
void delete(int id);

}

业务层接口

AccountService.java

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public interface AccountService {

/** 转账 */
void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money);


}

测试类

junit

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import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import xml.service.AccountService;


public class SpringTest {

/* 成员变量 */
private ApplicationContext app;
private AccountService service;

@Before
public void init(){
app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xml/Beans.xml");
service = app.getBean("serviceImp",AccountService.class);
}

/** 转账 */
@Test
public void test01() {
service.transfer(1,2,10f);
}

}

Spring整合junit

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import java_anno.config.SpringConfiguration;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java_anno.service.AccountService;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
public class SpringTest {

/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private AccountService service;


/** 查询所有 */
@Test
public void test01() {
service.transfer(1,2,10f);
}


}

基于XML配置文件

此部分分为三部分

  • 目录结构:帮助了解整个项目的基本结构,以及完整详细的代码。
  • 依赖注入:此部分是本文着重比较的地方,单独分为一部分。
  • CURD操作:与Spring框架的核心内容关系不大,可作为延展内容。

目录结构

  • src
    • main
      • java
        • service
          • AccountServiceImp.java(业务层实现类)
        • dao
          • AccountDaoImp.java(持久层实习类)
      • resources
        • Beans.xml(Spring配置文件)

持久层实现类

  • 操作数据库
    • 继承 JdbcDaoSupport
    • 注入 DataSource

AccountDaoImp.java

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package xml.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import xml.domain.Account;

import java.util.List;


public class AccountDaoImp extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao {


/** 查询所有 */
public List<Account> findAll() {
return super.getJdbcTemplate().query(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
/** 查询单个 */
public Account findByID(int id) {
return super.getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ? ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),
id);
}
/** 添加 */
public void add(Account account) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update(
/* SQL语句 */
"INSERT INTO account VALUES(?,?,?)",
/* 参数 */
account.getId(),
account.getName(),
account.getMoney());
}
/** 修改 */
public void update(Account account) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update(
/* SQL语句 */
" UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
account.getName(),
account.getMoney(),
account.getId());
}
/** 删除 */
public void delete(int id) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update(
/* SQL语句 */
" DELETE FROM account WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
id);
}


}

业务层实现类

  • 调用持久层方法
    • 基于xml的方式注入

AccountServiceImp.java

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package xml.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import xml.dao.AccountDao;
import xml.domain.Account;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;


public class AccountServiceImp implements AccountService {

/* 成员变量 */
private AccountDao dao;

/* 设值函数 */
public void setDao(AccountDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}

/** 转账 */
public void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money) {
Account source = dao.findByID(sourceId);
Account target = dao.findByID(targetId);
Float sourceMoney = source.getMoney();
Float targetMoney = target.getMoney();
source.setMoney(sourceMoney - money);
dao.update(source);
// int i = 10/0;
target.setMoney(targetMoney + money);
dao.update(target);
}


}

配置文件

  • 依赖注入
  • 开启事务管理
    • AOP
    • TransactionManager

Beans.xml

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 <!-- DataSource -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>

<!-- DaoImp -->
<bean id="daoImp" class="xml.dao.AccountDaoImp">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

<!-- ServiceImp -->
<bean id="serviceImp" class="xml.service.AccountServiceImp">
<property name="dao" ref="daoImp"/>
</bean>

<!-- DataSourceTransactionManager -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>


<!-- AOP -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="all" expression="execution(* xml.service.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="all"/>
</aop:config>

<!-- tx -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

基于XML配置文件和注解

目录结构

  • src
    • main
      • java
        • service
          • AccountServiceImp.java(业务层实现类)
        • dao
          • AccountDaoImp.java(持久层实习类)
      • resources
        • Beans.xml(Spring配置文件)

持久层实现类

  • 操作数据库
    • 注入 JdbcTemplate

AccountDaoImp.java

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package xml_anno.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;

import java.util.List;


@Repository
public class AccountDaoImp implements AccountDao {

/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

/** 查询所有 */
public List<Account> findAll() {
return jdbcTemplate.query(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
/** 查询单个 */
public Account findByID(int id) {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ? ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),
id);
}
/** 添加 */
public void add(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
"INSERT INTO account VALUES(?,?,?)",
/* 参数 */
account.getId(),
account.getName(),
account.getMoney());
}
/** 修改 */
public void update(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
account.getName(),
account.getMoney(),
account.getId());
}
/** 删除 */
public void delete(int id) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" DELETE FROM account WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
id);
}


}

业务层实现类

  • 调用持久层方法
    • 基于注解的方式注入
  • 开启事务支持
    • 基于注解的方式

AccountServiceImp.java

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package xml_anno.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;
import xml_anno.dao.AccountDao;


@Service
/** 事务支持(查询方法) */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImp implements AccountService {

/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private AccountDao dao;

/** 转账 */
/** 事务支持(增删改方法) */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money) {
Account source = dao.findByID(sourceId);
Account target = dao.findByID(targetId);
Float sourceMoney = source.getMoney();
Float targetMoney = target.getMoney();
source.setMoney(sourceMoney - money);
dao.update(source);
int i = 10/0;
target.setMoney(targetMoney + money);
dao.update(target);
}

}

配置文件

  • 依赖注入
  • 开启注解扫描

Beans.xml

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<!-- DataSource -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>

<!-- JdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbc" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="xml_anno"></context:component-scan>

基于Java配置文件和注解

目录结构

  • src
    • main
      • java
        • service
          • AccountServiceImp.java(业务层实现类)
        • dao
          • AccountDaoImp.java(持久层实习类)
        • config
          • SpringConfiguration.java(Java配置文件)
          • JdbcConfig.java(Java配置文件)
          • TransactionConfig.java(Java配置文件)

持久层实现类

AccountDaoImp.java

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package java_anno.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import xml_anno.dao.AccountDao;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;

import java.util.List;


@Component
public class AccountDaoImp implements AccountDao {


/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;


/** 查询所有 */
public List<Account> findAll() {
return jdbcTemplate.query(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
/** 查询单个 */
public Account findByID(int id) {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ? ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),
id);
}
/** 添加 */
public void add(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
"INSERT INTO account VALUES(?,?,?)",
/* 参数 */
account.getId(),
account.getName(),
account.getMoney());
}
/** 修改 */
public void update(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
account.getName(),
account.getMoney(),
account.getId());
}
/** 删除 */
public void delete(int id) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" DELETE FROM account WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
id);
}


}

业务层实现类

AccountServiceImp.java

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package java_anno.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import xml_anno.dao.AccountDao;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;


@Component
public class AccountServiceImp implements AccountService {

/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private AccountDao dao;

/** 转账 */
/** 事务支持(增删改方法) */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money) {
xml_anno.domain.Account source = dao.findByID(sourceId);
Account target = dao.findByID(targetId);
Float sourceMoney = source.getMoney();
Float targetMoney = target.getMoney();
source.setMoney(sourceMoney - money);
dao.update(source);
// int i = 10/0;
target.setMoney(targetMoney + money);
dao.update(target);
}

}

数据库连接工具类

jdbcConfig.properties

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jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

Spring配置文件

SpringConfiguration.java

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package java_anno.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;


/** 指定配置文件 */
@Configuration
/** 开启注解扫描 */
@ComponentScan("java_anno")
/** 指定property文件 */
@PropertySource("classpath:java_anno/jdbcConfig.properties")
/** 设置子文件 */
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,TransactionConfig.class})
/** 开启事务管理器 */
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfiguration {


}

数据库连接配置文件

JdbcConfig.java

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package java_anno.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Driver;


public class JdbcConfig {

/** 数据库连接参数 */
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;

/** DataSource */
@Bean(name = "dataSource")
public DataSource getDataSource(){
DriverManagerDataSource driverManagerDataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
driverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
driverManagerDataSource.setUrl(url);
driverManagerDataSource.setUsername(username);
driverManagerDataSource.setPassword(password);
return driverManagerDataSource;
}

/** JdbcTemplate */
@Bean(name = "jdbc")
public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}


}

事务管理配置文件

TransactionConfig.java

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package java_anno.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;


public class TransactionConfig {

/** TransactionManager */
@Bean(name = "transactionManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}


}
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